ARTICLE VII.
GENERAL DEVELOPMENT, SITE AND PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

Summary:  This Article sets forth standards for land development in the Town of Waynesville's land use jurisdiction concerning a variety of different development issues. These standards are designed to ensure the compatibility of development within the Town of Waynesville and to implement the policies found in the town's land development plan. The applicability of the standards found in this article may vary based on use, location and land development district (as set forth in this chapter). The criteria set forth in this article, as with all other requirements, must be satisfied before an application for development will be approved.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION

154.300 Accessory Uses and Structures
154.301 Density and Dimensional Standards
154.302 Driveway Access
154.303 Landscaping
154.304 Lighting
154.305 Monument Buildings
154.306 Parking and Loading
154.307 Pedestrian Amenities
154.308 Signs
154.309 Streets
154.310 Temporary Uses
154.311 Utilities
154.313-154.399   Reserved

 
154.300          ACCESSORY USES AND STRUCTURES.

(A) Purpose and Scope.
•  The purpose of this section is to establish standards for accessory uses and structures in the Town of Waynesville's land use jurisdiction. 
•  Except as provided elsewhere in this chapter, it shall be unlawful for any person to erect, construct, enlarge, move or replace any accessory use or structure without first obtaining a certificate of land development standards compliance from the Planning and Zoning Department.
•  Additional permits may be necessary pursuant to the regulations in the state building code.

(A) General. 

(1) General Requirements.
•  All accessory uses and accessory structures shall conform to the applicable requirements of this chapter, including any applicable design criteria. 
•  The provisions of this section establish additional requirements and restrictions for such uses and structures. 
•  Accessory uses and structures may only be used for purposes permitted in the district in which they are located.
•  Temporary accessory uses and structures shall be governed by the standards for temporary uses set forth in Sec. 154.310.

(2) Establishment.
•  Accessory uses or structures shall not be constructed or established on a lot until construction of the principal building has commenced or the primary use is established.

(3) Not For Dwelling Purposes.
•  Accessory structures shall not be used for dwelling purposes.
•  Accessory dwellings are permitted in many land development districts subject to special requirements.  See Sec. 154.201.

(B) Dimensional Requirements.

(1) Yard Requirements.

(a) Front Yard/Street Yard.
•  For lots developed for single-family or two-family residential purposes and where such lots do not exceed two (2) acres, detached accessory structures shall not be located in the front or street yard. 
•  For lots developed for single-family or two-family residential purposes and where such lots exceed two (2) acres, detached accessory structures may be located in the front or street yard.  However, such detached accessory structures may not be closer than thirty (30) feet from the edge of the traveled way.

•  For all other uses, detached accessory structures shall not be located in the front or street yard.

(b) Side Yard/Rear Yard.
•  Accessory structures on lots developed for single-family or two-family residential purposes may encroach into a required side or rear yard, but may not be closer than five (5) feet to the property line. 
•  For all other uses, accessory structures shall be governed by the same yard requirements as set forth for the principal use structure(s).

(2) Height Requirements.
•  Where accessory structures are located within the buildable area of a lot, such structures shall not exceed the standard height regulations for the land development district.
•  Where accessory structures are located within a principal structure yard, such structures shall not exceed fifteen (15) feet in height.

(3) Size Requirements.
•  Accessory structures on lots developed for single-family or two-family residential purposes, and where such lots are less than one (1) acre in size, shall not exceed six hundred (600) square feet for a single accessory structure or one thousand (1,000) square feet for all accessory structures.  There shall be no more than two (2) accessory structures on a lot.
•  Accessory structures on lots developed for single-family or two-family residential purposes, and where such lots are one (1) to three (3) acres in size, shall not exceed one thousand (1,000) square feet for a single accessory structure or one thousand, four hundred (1,400) square feet for all accessory structures.  There shall be no more than two (2) accessory structures on a lot.
•  Accessory structures on lots developed for other than single-family residential or two-family residential purposes shall not be limited in size.
•  The footprint of the portion of accessory structures used as accessory dwellings shall not be included in the calculation of footprint for accessory structures.

(C) Other Requirements.

(1) Buffering.
•  Accessory structures with a footprint greater than six hundred (600) square feet shall be buffered from any adjacent residential developments.  See Sec. 154.303(D) for buffering requirements.   This shall not apply to accessory structures located in the rural districts.

(2) Lighting.
•  Exterior lighting for accessory uses and/or structures shall meet the requirements by which principal structures are governed as set forth in Sec. 154.304.

154.301  DENSITY AND DIMENSIONAL STANDARDS.

(A) General.
•  This section sets forth standards with respect to density of development and dimensional requirements for structures and uses.
•  These standards are supporting to the dimensional and density regulations set forth in the respective land development districts.
•  Cluster developments shall be governed by Sec. 154.219.

(B) Density.

(1) Residential Density.

(a) Single-Family, Detached.
•  There shall be no more than one (1) single-family detached dwelling on an individual lot which must meet any stated lot size and lot width requirements for the land development district in which it is located.
•  This requirement does not affect the use of accessory dwellings in conjunction with the development of single-family detached dwellings.  See Sec. 154.201.
•  This requirement does not apply to cluster developments (see Sec. 154.219) where more than one single-family dwelling might be sighted on a single lot.

(b) Two-Family Dwellings. 
•  In the districts where two-family dwellings are permitted and are constructed on individual lots, the minimum lot size shall be 1.25 times the standards listed for the applicable land development district.

(c) Multi-Family and Single-Family Attached Developments.
•  In the districts where permitted (except the rural districts see below), multi-family and/or single-family attached dwellings need only meet the maximum density standard set forth in the applicable district and are not subject to the basic minimum lot size requirements.
EXAMPLE: In a district with a maximum density of ten (10) units per acre, the minimum lot size required for a six (6) unit development would be 26,136 square feet (4,356 x 6 = 26,136).
•  In the rural districts, a multi-family or single-family attached development must have the basic minimum lot size listed for the first unit in the development and then meet the maximum density standard for additional units. 
EXAMPLE: If 21,780 is the minimum lot size required for a district with a maximum density of six (6) units per acre, a ten (10) unit development would be required to have a lot size of 87,120 square feet (21,780 + (9 x 7260)).

(2) Nonresidential Density.
•  There shall be no limit on the number of principal nonresidential buildings on an individual lot provided that all other requirements set forth in this chapter are met.
•  Nonresidential intensity of development shall be controlled, where applicable, by impervious surface requirements.

(C) Dimensional Standards.

 (1) Yard Requirements.

(a) General.
•  A building, structure or lot shall not be developed, used or occupied unless it meets the minimum yard requirements set forth in Article V of this chapter, for the land development or overlay district in which it is located, except as otherwise established in this chapter for particular uses or for encroachments.

(b) Calculating Yards.
•  The minimum yard is the space defined by measuring perpendicularly from and along the entire boundary of the lot (property line) to the building line, except front and street yards shall be measured from the edge of the traveled way. 

•  There shall be one (1) front yard area that is determined at the time of site plan approval or the issuance of a certificate of land development standards compliance.

(c) Adjusting Building Lines.
•  The minimum front or street yard required may be reduced for any lot where the average established front yard on developed lots located within three hundred (300) feet on each side of such lot, and fronting on the same street as such lot, is less than the minimum required yard.  In such cases, the minimum front or street yard may be less than that required but not less than the average of the existing front yards on the developed lots within three hundred (300) feet of each side. 

(d) Allowable Encroachments into Required Yards.
•  The features listed below may encroach into a required yard.
•  Cornices and gutters may encroach up to two (2) feet into any required yard. 
•  Bay windows, balconies and similar features projecting from the principal building may encroach up to three (3) feet into any required yard.
•  Uncovered and unenclosed steps and stairs may encroach up to six (6) feet into any required front or street yard but may not be closer than five (5) feet to any property line.
•  Awnings may encroach up to six (6) feet into any required front or street yard but shall not encroach into the street tree planting area or across the edge of the sidewalk.
•  Uncovered and unenclosed decks, terraces, or porches may encroach into any required yard but may not be closer than five (5) feet to any property line.
•  Ramps for handicap accessibility and fire escapes that are required by the North Carolina State Building Code may encroach into any required yard but may not be closer than three (3) feet to any property line.
•  Fences and garden/yard walls may encroach into required yards but, if higher than three and one-half (3 ?) feet, may not be placed within the site visibility triangle of a public street, private street or driveway contained either on the property or on an adjoining property.  See Sec. 154.302(C)(4) concerning the site visibility triangle.
•  Any accessory building or use may encroach into the required yards as provided for in Sec. 154.300.

 (2)  Height Regulations.
•  Building height is measured from the highest ground level at the structure foundation to the highest point of the structure excluding chimneys and antennas.

154.302 DRIVEWAY ACCESS.

(A) Purpose and Scope.
•  The standards contained in this section are designed to ensure that access to development in the Town of Waynesville does not impair the function of adjacent roadways or impair the public safety.
•  All proposed vehicular access points connecting to a public street shall conform to the provisions of this section as well as to the driveway separation standards established for the particular land development district in which a property is located.

(B) Driveway Permit.

(1) Permit Requirement.
•  Before any proposed vehicular access point connecting to a public street may be constructed, a driveway permit must be obtained from the Public Works Director. 
•  The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) is required to review all connections to state system streets with the exception of single-family residential drives, which shall be approved by the Waynesville Public Works Director.   Driveway permits on state system streets should be submitted to NCDOT for the initial review.  Upon NCDOT approval, the driveway permit will be forwarded to the Town of Waynesville for its approval.  Where a conflict arises with respect to these standards, the more restrictive access standards shall apply.

(2) Existing Driveway Approaches.
•  Existing driveway approaches shall not be relocated, altered, or reconstructed without a permit approving the relocation, alteration or reconstruction and such driveway approaches shall be subject to the provisions of this section.
•  When the use or layout of any property is changed, making any portion or all of the driveway approach unnecessary, the owner of the property, shall, at his expense, replace all necessary curbs, gutters, and sidewalks, or correct all nonconforming features.

(C) Driveway Standards.

(1) Driveway Width.
•  The width, in feet, of a driveway approach shall be within the minimum and maximum limits as specified below, excluding detached, single-family residential properties.
•  One-way drives shall have a minimum width of twelve (12) feet and shall not exceed a maximum width of eighteen (18) feet.
•  Two-way drives shall have a minimum width of eighteen (18) feet and shall not exceed a maximum width of twenty-four (24) feet. 
•  Driveways entering industrial property may be up to 36? in width with the approval of the director of public works.
•  Required driveway width pertains to the measurement at the sidewalk.  At other points in the driveway the width may vary.   
(2) Joint Use Driveways.
•  Wherever feasible, the Public Works Director shall require the establishment of a joint use driveway serving two (2) abutting properties. 
•  When a property is developed before an abutting property is developed, the site shall be designed to ensure that its driveway and circulation may be modified to create a joint use driveway and interconnected parking with the abutting property at a later date. 

(3) Driveway Design.
•  Driveways shall be spaced from other drives and from intersecting streets as set forth for the land development district in which the property is located.  Access separation between driveways shall be measured from center lines of driveways.  Access separation between a driveway and intersecting street shall be measured from the center line of the driveway to the center line of the intersection. 
•  All driveway approaches shall be a concrete apron section ("ramp" type), except that street type driveway entrances may be required to developments that have parking spaces for two hundred (200) or more vehicles when required by the Public Works Director.
•  As determined by the Public Works Director, engineering judgment shall override the required dimensions set forth in district standards if warranted by specific traffic conditions.  The Public Works Director may approve a reduction of the minimum separation distances in low traffic areas or for low volume traffic uses.  When reducing the driveway separation distances, the cumulative impacts of various land uses shall be considered; however, the reduction of separation distance shall not exceed 40% of the current standards as stipulated for any land development district.
•  Driveway approaches must cross the sidewalk area at the sidewalk grade established by the Public Works Director. 
•  All concrete aprons shall be installed to the right-of-way line or at least ten (10) feet from the edge of the traveled way and be built to the specifications of the Public Works Director.
•  Driveway access to arterial streets shall not be permitted for parking or loading areas that require backing maneuvers in a public street right-of-way.  Driveway access to collector streets for nonresidential and multi-family developments shall not be permitted for parking or loading areas that require backing maneuvers in a public street right-of-way.
•  The minimum distance between the front wall or garage door of a residential dwelling to the back of sidewalk along driveway length shall be at least 25 feet to permit vehicular parking without blocking the sidewalk.
•  When it is feasible, road access for corner lots shall be provided to the street or road with the lowest traffic volume.
•  The use of alleys to access the rear of properties is strongly encouraged; therefore, a minimum separation of ten (10) feet between adjacent property lines and the alley intersection is required.  A forty (40) feet separation is required between alleys and the intersection of streets.  Nonresidential and multi-family developments must refer to the district requirements.
•  Driveways shall not interfere with municipal facilities such as street lights, traffic signal poles, signs, fire hydrants, crosswalks, drainage structures or other necessary street structures.
•  In situations where the driveway separation requirements prevent any direct access from a property and at least one adjacent street, and where existing shared driveways do not provide adequate access for the development of the property, as determined by the Director of Public Works, a single driveway connection is permitted, subject to all other appliable design standards, in a location approved by the Director of Public Works.

 (4) Sight Visibility Triangles.
•  At all driveway approaches, a sight area shall be maintained.  Within the sight area no fence, wall, sign or other structure, no slope or embankment, no parked vehicle, no hedge, no foliage or other planting and no other object or structure shall be placed, erected or maintained which will obstruct visibility within the sight area. 
•  Sight areas are triangular areas formed by a ten-foot side measured along the edge of the driveway approach and a fifteen-foot side measured along the edge of the traveled way. 

sight visibility triangles

154.303 LANDSCAPING/BUFFERING.

(A) Purpose and Scope.

(1) Purpose.
•  The landscape standards set forth in this section require landscaping between dissimilar land uses, along public rights-of-way, and in and around parking lots, in order to:
 Encourage the preservation of existing trees and vegetation and replenish removed vegetation.
 Improve the visual quality of the Town of Waynesville and minimize the potential impacts of development such as noise, dust, and glare of lights.
 Provide a transition between dissimilar land uses to protect abutting properties from potential negative impacts of neighboring development and to preserve the character and value of a property and provide a sense of privacy.
 Require the maintenance of landscaping installed to ensure that the landscaping continues to thrive and meet these stated objectives. 

(2) Scope.
•  Any new development with the exception of single-family detached dwellings on individual lots must bring the entire site into full compliance with the requirements of this section.
•  Expansions or additions must generally meet the landscaping requirements only in the area around the addition that is parallel to any edge of the expansion area and extending to the property line or street pavement edge.  However, where the cost of an expansion or addition is equal to seventy-five (75%) percent or more of the taxed value of the property, the entire site must be brought into full compliance. See diagram below.
 

•  Major repair or reconstruction on a property in an amount equal to seventy-five (75%) percent or more of the taxed value of the property, must bring the entire site into full compliance with the requirements of this section.

(3) Landscape Plan.
•  Prior to obtaining a certificate of land development standards compliance, an applicant must receive approval of a landscaping plan.  A landscape plan shall be submitted with a development application and shall indicate all buffers, street walls, protected trees, etc...  This plan may be part of the overall site plan.  This plan should be no smaller than 1 inch = 20 feet.

(4) Alternative Compliance.
•  Alternative landscaping plans may be used where unreasonable or impractical situations would result from application of the landscaping requirements.  Such situations may result from streams, natural rock formations, topography or other physical conditions; or from lot configuration, utility easements or unusual site conditions.
•  Planning Department Staff may approve an alternate plan which proposes different plant materials or plans, provided that quality, effectiveness, durability, and performance are equivalent to that required by this section.
•  Decisions of the staff regarding alternate methods of compliance may be appealed to the Board of Adjustment.

(5) Existing Vegetation.
•  The preservation of existing trees, where possible. is strongly encouraged.  In order to encourage such preservation, preserved trees may be credited towards compliance with the requirements of this section at the rate of:
2"- 6" caliper tree = 1 tree
7"- 12" caliper tree = 2 trees
13"- 18" caliper tree = 3 trees
19" - 24" caliper tree = 4 trees
25" + caliper tree = 5 trees
•  In order to receive credit, preserved vegetation must be in good health and condition.  Trees designated for preservation must be indicated on the landscape and grading plans and protected (with barriers) during grading and construction.
•  If a preserved tree dies within twenty-four (24) months of completion of the project, it must be replaced with the total number of trees which were credited to the existing tree.

(B) Street Trees.

(1) Planter strip  (may also be referred to as a street yard)
•  Where street trees are required, such trees shall be planted in a planting strip (street yard) or in tree pits located along the street/sidewalk.
•  The minimum width cannot be less than five (5) feet, although more is encouraged.
•  No street tree can be planted farther than eight (8) feet from the edge of the traveled way to count as a street tree, or it must be in between the sidewalk and the street.
•  All planter strips must be covered with living material, including ground cover and/or shrubs, except for mulched areas directly around the trees so that no soil is exposed. 
•  Tree pits must be 5 feet by 5 feet minimum and are acceptable as a planting strip/street yard.
•  Planter strips must always be placed between the sidewalk and the traveled way except where the planning staff determines that this is impossible due to road conditions or topography. 

(2) Planting Requirements.
•  Street trees shall be required at the rate of one large maturing tree (over thirty-five (35) feet in height at maturity) for every forty (40) linear feet of property abutting a street. 
•  Where overhead power lines are present, small maturing trees (thirty (30) to forty (40) feet in height at maturity) must be utilized.  One small maturing tree is required for every thirty (35) feet of property abutting a street (utility lines such as cable and phone do not constitute a hazard and large maturing trees should be used if only these are present).
•  Street trees shall be spaced a maximum of fifty (50) feet apart (on center measurement).
•  Where a town approved existing tree pattern exists on a street, the placement of new trees shall be compatible with the established pattern/species.
•  Street trees must (unless approved by staff) maintain the same species, spacing, and distance from the street along the development.

(C) Street Walls.
Where street walls are required for the buffering of parking areas from public streets, this requirement may be met with plantings or architectural features.  Combinations of features are permitted.

Options for street walls

Street walls may consist of one or a combination of the following:

1. Planter Strip.  This may consist of shrubbery that has a mature height of 3-4 feet, forming a mostly continuous hedge.  Trees are also required, with a  maximum on center spacing of 30 feet.
2. Berms.  An earthen berm with ground cover,  with a total height of 3-4 feet.  Trees are also required, with a maximum on center spacing of 30 feet.
3. Architectural features.  This may be a continuation of the building, pergolas, etc?  .  Trees are also required, with a maximum on center spacing of 30 feet.
4. Walls.  Masonry walls, or a combination of masonry/wood walls or fences, with a total height of approximately 3 feet.  Trees are also required, with a  maximum on center spacing of 30 feet.

•  The minimum width of a street wall space is five feet. 
•  Street walls may be penetrated for driveway or pedestrian access.

(D) Buffer Yards.

(1) Purpose and Definition.
•  The buffer yard is a strip of land together with the planting or other screening required thereon.
•  Both the amount of land and the type of screening specified for each buffer yard required by this article are designed to ameliorate impacts between adjacent land uses or between a land use and a public road. 

(2) Location.
•  Buffer yards are to be located on the property of the person developing the new or changing land use between the property line and any vehicular use areas, buildings, storage, service areas or other areas of activity. 
•  Ornamental entry columns and gates, flagpoles, lamp or address posts, mailboxes, approved driveway openings, public utility wires and poles, fences, retaining walls or similar structures are permitted in required planting yards provided that the general separation of land uses is achieved and the total number of required plantings are still met. 
•  The buffer yard shall extend along the entire property line which abuts an incompatible land use, up to any required street tree planting strip.  Required buffer yard trees and shrubs shall not be installed in street rights-of-way. 

(3) Buffer Yards and Required Yards.
•  Where front, side and rear yards are required by this chapter, buffer yards may be established within such yards. 
•  If a yard requirement  is less than the minimum buffer requirement, the buffer width requirement shall override the minimum yard requirement.

(4) Types of Buffer Yards and Requirements.

(a) Solid Buffer.
•  A solid buffer shall provide a minimum ten (10) foot landscaped buffer yard.
•  Landscaping shall include one (1) shade or evergreen tree per eight (8) lineal feet along the buffer yard.  At least seventy-five (75%) percent of the buffer must be evergreen.
•  Landscaping must be designed so that at maturity, a continuous, mostly evergreen buffer, reaching a height of at least twenty-five (25) feet.

(b) General Buffer.
•  A general buffer shall provide a minimum fifteen (15) foot landscaped buffer yard.
•  Landscaping shall include two (2) staggered rows of deciduous or evergreen trees planted in such a way that the mature canopies will overlap by one half (1/2) of the tree in the opposite row. 
•  The maximum on center spacing  for either row of trees shall be thirty (30) feet. 

(E) Parking Lot Landscaping.

(1) General.
•  There are two (2) parking lot planting requirements that may apply to a development, depending on it relation to other properties and public rights-of-way.
•  One requirement pertains to parking lot buffering and the other deals with interior parking lot plantings.

(2) Parking Lot Buffer.
•  Parking lots shall be separated from sidewalks, streets, alleys and adjacent properties by a landscaped buffer strip of a minimum of seven (7) feet in width. 
•  This requirement for a parking lot buffer can be met by complying with one of the following:
 The solid buffer standards set forth in Sec. 154.303(D) (except that the width of a parking lot buffer need only be seven (7) feet in width).
 The general buffer standards set forth in Sec. 154.303(D) (except that the width of a parking lot buffer need only be seven (7) feet in width).
 The street wall standards set forth in Sec. 154.303(C).

(3) Interior Parking Lot Plantings.
•  Parking lot plantings are required for all parking lots containing more than six (6) spaces.
•  Parking lot planting requirements for the lots in each land development district are found in the standards for the particular district.
•  At least seventy-five (75%) percent of the parking lot trees required for a development shall be large maturing trees.
•  Plantings shall be located on islands no less than eight (8) feet in width.

(F) Screening of Dumpsters, Loading Docks, Outdoor Storage Areas and Utility Structures.
•  All dumpsters, loading docks, or utility structures visible from a public street or adjacent property line shall be screened unless already screened by an intervening bufferyard.
•  All unenclosed outdoor storage areas greater than twenty-five (25) square feet shall also be screened from adjacent properties and streets.
•  Screening may be created through the use of: a continuous hedge of evergreen an/or densely twigged deciduous shrubs or by a fence or wall. 

(G) Plant Specifications..
•  Plant materials utilized in meeting the requirements set forth in this section may be chosen from the Recommended Species List maintained in the Planning Department. 
•  This list encourages the use of plant materials which are indigenous to this region and which are readily available from local nurseries.
•  Plant materials which are not on the list may also be used following approval by the Planning Department staff.

(H) Compliance and Maintenance.
•  Landscaping must be installed prior to the issuance of a final certificate of occupancy.  
•  If the season or weather conditions prohibit planting, the developer may provide a bond, an irrevocable letter of credit, or other financial surety in an amount equal to one hundred and fifty (150) percent of the cost of installing the required landscaping to guarantee the completion of the required planting. The financial surety shall be canceled and/or returned upon completion of the required landscaping. 
•  The owner of the property where required landscaping is planted shall be responsible for the maintenance and protection of all plant and screening materials.  Failure to maintain or replace dead, damaged, or diseased material or to repair a broken fence or wall shall constitute a violation of this chapter.
•  If existing vegetation is to be used in complying with any part of this section,  a plan for the protection of this vegetation during construction must be submitted to, and approved by the Waynesville Planning Department. 

154.304 LIGHTING.

(A) Purpose/Applicability.
•  The standards set forth in this section are designed to achieve several purposes. It is the intent of this section to:
 Minimize light pollution, glare and light trespass.
 Conserve energy and resources while maintaining night-time safety and utility.
 Curtail the degradation of the night-time visual environment.
•  This section shall apply to all new development in the Town of Waynesville unless otherwise specified.

(B)  Light Measurement Technique

* Light level measurements shall be made at the property line of the property upon which the light to be measured is being generated.  If measurement on private property is not possible or practical, light level measurements may be made at the boundary of the public street right-of-way that adjoins the property of the complainant or at any other location on the property of the complainant.  Measurements shall be made at finished grade (ground level), with the light-registering portion of the meter held parallel to the ground pointing up.  The meter shall have cosine and color correction and have an accuracy tolerance of no greater than plus or minus five (5) percent.  Measurements shall be taken with a light meter that has been calibrated within the year.  Light levels are specified, calculated and measured in footcandles (FC).  All FC values below are maintained footcandles.

*Specific Footcandle measurements are found in each Land Development district for boundary illumination, outdoor display areas, and canopies; and must be referred to as part of the lighting regulations.

(C)  Control of Glare - Luminaire Design Factors

*  Any luminaire with a lamp or lamps rated at a total of more than 2,000 lumens shall be full-cutoff type fixtures.

*Any luminaire with a lamp or lamps rated at a total of more than 2,000 lumens shall be mounted at a height equal to or less than thirty-two (32) feet above finished grade.

     (1)  Exceptions to Control of Glare

     *  Non-cutoff decorative post-mounted fixtures equipped with a solid top and mounted 18 feet or less above ground and other non-cutoff dusk to dawn utility type fixtures mounted 25 feet or less may be used.  The maximum initial lumens generated by each fixture shall not exceed 9500 initial lamp lumens.

     *  All metal halide, mercury vapor, fluorescent, and other white-colored light source lamps used in non-cutoff fixtures (excluding flood lights) shall be coated with an internal white frosting inside the outer lamp envelope.

     *  All metal halide fixtures equipped with a medium base socket must utilize either an internal refractive lens or a wide-body refractive globe as described in Section 154.031 Definitions.

(D)     Lighting Use Regulations for Specific Areas

     *  Other than floodlights, flood lamps, and spotlights all outdoor lighting fixtures of more than 2,000 lumens shall be full-cutoff type fixtures.  Any fixture that is not full-cutoff shall be a directional fixture (such as flood lights) and may be used provided they shall be aimed and fully shielded.

     *  The mounting height of all outdoor lighting, except outdoor sports field lighting and outdoor performance area lighting, shall not exceed thirty-two (32) feet above finished grade.

     1)  Outdoor display areas

          * The mounting height of outdoor display area fixtures shall not exceed thirty-two (32) feet above finished grade.

          *  All light fixtures shall meet the IESNA definition of full cutoff fixtures.  Forward throw fixtures (type IV light distribution, as defined by the IESNA) are required within twenty-five (25) feet of any public street right-of-way.  Alternatively, directional fixtures (such as flood lights) may be used provided they shall be aimed and fully shielded.

          *  The maximum footcandle measurements are found in each respective district.

     2)  Lighting for Vehicular Canopies

     *  Lighting under vehicular canopies shall be designed so as not to create glare off-site.  Acceptable methods include one or more of the following:

          a.  Recessed fixture incorporating a lens cover that is either recessed or flush with the bottom surface of the vehicular canopy.

          b.  Surface mounted fixture incorporating a flat lens that provides a cutoff or shielded light distribution.

          c.  Other method approved by town staff.

(E)  Security Lighting

     *  Motion activated security lights; unshielded flood and spotlights, with 45 watts or less, installed for security and activited by motion sensor, are permitted.  These unshielded lights must be mounted and aimed in a manner that minimizes up-lighting and light trespass.

     *  All floodlights shall be installed such that the fixture shall be aimed down at least forty-five (45) degrees from vertical flood lights and display lights shall be positioned such that any such fixture located within fifty (50) feet of a public street right-of-way is mounted and aimed perpendicular to the right-of-way, with a side-to-side horizontal aiming tolerance not to exceed fifteen (15) degrees from perpendicular to the right-of-way.

     *  All flood or spot lamps emitting 1,000 or more lumens shall be aimed at least sixty (60) degrees down from horizontal or shielded such that the main beam from the light source is not visible from adjacent properties or the public street right-of-way.

     *  Landscape and decorative lighting using incandescent lighting of 40 watts or less is permitted, provided that the light is installed and aimed to prevent lighting build up and light trespass and shielded to prevent view from the public right-of-way.

     * Area dusk to dawn open-bottom lights are permitted.  These lights must be full cutoff.

(F)  Compliance

     *  While not required to be provided with the submission of the site plane, projects may be required to provide the following information upon request by the town planning department at a later date:

          1.  Point-by-point footcandle arrays in a printout format indicating the location and aiming of illuminating devices.  The printout shall indicate compliance with the maximum maintained footcandles required by this Code.

          2.  Description of the illuminating devices, fixtures, lamps, supports, reflectors, poles, raised foundations and other devices (including but not limited to manufacturers or electric utility catalog specification sheets and/or drawings, and photometric report indicating fixture classification (cutoff fixtures, wall pack, flood light, etc.)

(G)  Prohibitions

     1.  Laser Source Light - The use of laser source light or any similar high intensity light for outdoor advertising or entertainment is prohibited.

     2.  Searchlights - The operation of searchlights for advertising purposes is prohibited.

     3.  Building Facade Lighting - Floodlights, spotlights, or any other similar lighting shall not be used to illuminate buildings or other site features unless approved as an integral architectural element on the development plan.  On-site lighting may be used to accent architectural elements but not used to illuminate entire portions of building(s) or sign(s).  Where accent lighting is used, the maximum illumination on any vertical surface or angular roof surface shall not exceed 5.0 average maintained footcandles.  Building facade and accent lighting will not be approved unless the light fixtures are carefully selected, located, aimed, and shielded so that light is directed only onto the building facade and spillover light is minimized.

     4.  Flashing Lights - Lights that flash, move, revolve, rotate, scintillate, blink, flicker, vary in intensity or color, or use intermittent electrical pulsation are prohibited.

     5.  Awning and Canopy Lighting - Awnings and canopies used for building accents over doors, windows, and etc. shall not be internally lit (i.e. from underneath or behind).  Lighting can be installed under canopies that lights the sidewalk, or downlights onto the architectural features of a building, but neither of these may be excessive.

(H)  Exceptions

     1.  Luminaires used for public-roadway illumination may be installed at a maximum height of thirty-seven (37) feet and may be positioned at that height up to the edge of any bordering property.

     2.  All temporary emergency lighting needed by the Police or Fire Departments or other emergency services, as well as all vehicular luminaires, shall be exempt from the requirements of this ordinance.

     3.  All hazard warning luminaires required by Federal regulatory agencies are exempt from the requirements of this article, except that all luminaires used must be red and must be shown to be as close as possible to the Federally required minimum lumen output requirement for the specific task.

     4.  Individual residential lighting that is not part of a site plan or subdivision plan for street or other common or public area outdoor lighting.

     5.  Lighting associated with landscape/holiday/festive/temporary uses that have been permitted.

     6.  Other Municipal or State lighting installed for the benefit of public health, safety and welfare.

     7.  All fixtures installed by public agencies, their agents, or contractors for the purpose of illuminating public streets.

(b) Outdoor Lighting Standards.
•  All light fixtures, except streetlights, shall be located, aimed or shielded so as to minimize stray light trespassing across property boundaries. 
•  No illumination in excess of one-half foot-candle shall be permitted within the boundaries of any adjacent residentially developed property. 
•  The following lighting features are prohibited:
 Search lights, laser source lights, or any similar high--intensity light, except in emergencies by police emergency service personnel or at their direction. 
 Mercury vapor fixtures.
•  Outdoor fixtures installed for parking lot lighting shall not exceed a 2.5 foot-candle average reading at ground level.
•  Street lighting is permitted a design (end of life average) foot-candle of 2.5 maximum average reading at ground level for residential or neighborhood areas and 4.0 for town centers, main streets and thoroughfares.  The average minimum ratio shall not exceed 3.5:1 for town centers, main streets, and thoroughfares.
•  Outdoor lighting, unless otherwise indicated, that is installed on canopies or drive-thru facilities is permitted an average foot-candle reading of fifteen (15) foot-candles under any area that is illuminated unless otherwise stated for the district in which the canopy is located.  
•  Any lighting, except street lighting,  that is installed on a pole shall have a maximum height of twenty (20) feet from the bulb to the adjacent ground. 
•  A maximum height of thirty (30) feet (bulb to adjacent ground) is permitted for cut off lights in rural areas. 

154.305 MONUMENT BUILDINGS.

(A) Purpose and Scope.
•  Monument buildings are important buildings in the Town of Waynesville and as such these places should be designed to be monuments to the community, above and beyond their programmatic function.
•  Designation as a monument building is an optional designation open to developers of buildings meeting the definition of a monument building.  It requires that additional standards, as set forth below, be met, but relaxes some of the standards found in the applicable land development district.   

(B) Standards.

(1) Standards That Do Not Apply to Monument Buildings.
•  Monument buildings are not required to comply with the maximum yard requirements found in the applicable land development district regulations. 
•  Monument buildings are not required to comply with the height requirements of the applicable land development district.  However, in no event shall the habitable part of a building exceed sixty (60) feet due to fire protection standards. 
•  Monument buildings are not required to comply with the specific articulation requirements of the land development district, however, see the architectural detailing guidelines in (B)(2) below.

(2) Design Standards Applicable to Monument Buildings. 
•  No vinyl or metal siding shall be attached to any side of a monument building that is visible from a public street.
•  Architectural detailing must have all but one of the following:
 Pronounced window lintels/sills/muntins/etc.
 Columns (no vinyl or metal clad) with a capitol and a base.
 A water table made up of large, quality masonry units (such as cut or hew stone) or made of smaller masonry units that extend beyond the face of the fa?ade in order to clearly delineate the water table. 
 Vertically oriented windows of at least 2:1 ratio.
 Relief in the fa?ade must occur on many levels (the depth of the relief cannot be limited to one or two patterns repeated).
 Cornice lines with significant depth and multiple levels of relief.
 Very well designed entry way, including doors at the main entry that are monumental (taller, larger, heavier, more ornately designed, etc. than normal).
 A tower element of some nature.
 No asphalt shingles.  
•  The formal nature of the building should be demonstrated in the architectural design and the detailing of the building must be well above average. 
•  Monumental buildings should form terminating vistas of major streets or public places where possible. 

154.306 PARKING AND LOADING.

(A) On-Street Parking Standards.
(1) General
•  Some streets may be widened to allow for parallel parking in order to meet or help meet the parking requirements.  These must be approved by the Director of Public Works.  The Design for such parking is set out below.
Design Standards
•  Parallel (mid block) parking shall be of 22-26 feet by 7 feet.
•  Parallel  (end of block) parking shall be 20 feet (minimum) by 7 feet.
•  Parking may be formal or informal, see the streets section for which streets require which (section 154.309)
•  Formal parallel parking requires bulb-outs at the ends, and at cross walks.  Long stretches of parallel parking may require them mid-way.
(B) Off-Street Parking Standards.

(1) Required.
•  Permanent off-street parking (or on street - see above) is required in all districts except the Central Business District.  Such parking shall be provided at the time of erection, alteration, enlargement, establishment or change of use of any building or open use of land which require additional off-street parking.
•  Any permit application submitted to the Planning Department shall include information as to the location and dimensions of off-street parking and the means of entrance and exit to such space.

(2) Minimum and Maximum Standards.
•  The requirements for off-street parking are set forth Table VII-1.  For uses not covered in this table, the parking requirement shall be those of the most similar use as determined by the Planning Department Staff.

TABLE VII-1
OFF-STREET PARKING STANDARDS

TYPE OF LAND USE PARKING SPACES REQUIRED
 Minimum Maximum
Agricultural Uses  
Animal and Crop Production No Requirement No Requirement
Animal, Crop Production and Forestry Support Services No requirement No requirement
Forest Nurseries  No Requirement No Requirement
TYPE OF LAND USE PARKING SPACES REQUIRED
 Minimum Maximum
Veterinary Services (Livestock) No requirement One (1) for Every 200 GFA
  
  
Residential Uses  
Accessory Dwellings No requirement No requirement
Boardinghouses One (1) for Every Two (2) Rooms Plus One (1) for the Resident Manager One Per  Room Plus One (1) for the Resident Manager
Child and Adult Day Care Homes, Family As for  Single-Family Dwellings, Plus One (1) Additional Space  As for Single-Family Dwellings, Plus Two (2) Additional Spaces
Continued Care Retirement Communities One (1) for Every Dwelling unit Two (2) for Every Dwelling Unit
Dwellings, Two-Family or Single-Family, or Manufactured Homes on Individual Lots One space per unit  Three (3) Spaces for Every Dwelling Unit
Dwellings, Multi-Family .5 Space for Every Dwelling Unit Three (3) Spaces for Every Dwelling Unit
Manufactured Home Parks Two (2) Per Manufactured  No Requirement
Special Congregate Facilities One (1) Per Resident Staff  Plus Two (2) for Every Three (3) Staff/Volunteers on Shift of  Greatest Employment)  One (1) Per Resident Staff Plus One (1) for Every Staff/Volunteer on Shift of Greatest Employment
  
  
Institutional and Civic Uses  
Auditoriums, Public Assembly One (1) Per Four (4) Seats or One (1) per Fifty (50) GFA (If No Seats) One (1) Per Three(3) Seats or One (1) Per Thirty (30) GFA (If No Seats)
Child and Adult Day Care Centers One (1) Per Every Two (2) Employees on Shift of Greatest Employment Plus One (1) Space for Every Ten (10) Children One (1) Per Every Employee on Shift of Greatest Employment Plus One (1) Space for Every Ten (10) Children
Civic, Social and Fraternal Organizations One (1) Per 8 Seats One (1) Per 2 seats
Correctional Institutions One (1) for Every Three (3) Employees on Shift of Greatest Employment  One (1) for Every Employee on Shift of Greatest Employment
Country Clubs No requirement 
Emergency Service Facilities No requirement No Requirement
TYPE OF LAND USE PARKING SPACES REQUIRED
 Minimum Maximum
Government Buildings/Facilities  One (1) Per 800 GFA One (1) Per 150 GFA
Hospitals  One (1) Per Four (4) Beds  One (1) Per Bed
Museums, Galleries, Libraries One (1) Per 1000 GFA  No requirement
Religious Institutions One per 8 seats in the main assembly hall No requirement
Residential Care Facilities, Halfway Houses One (1) Per Three (3) Rooms  
Schools - Business, Trade, Etc. No requirement No requirement
Schools - Colleges and Universities No requirement No requirement
Schools - Elementary, Middle No requirement No requirement
Schools - High Schools No requirement No requirement
Theaters  One (1) Per 10 Seats One (1) Per Two (2) Seats
  
  
Recreational Uses  
Amusement Park No requirement One per 200 feet of activity area
Athletic Fields No requirement Thirty (30) Per Field
Botanical Gardens/Nature Preserves No Requirement No requirement
Golf Courses No requirement No requirement
Public Parks and Recreation Facilities No requirement No requirement
Recreation Uses, Indoor No requirement One (1) Per 100 GFA
Riding Stables No requirement One (1) Per One (1) Stall
Swimming Pools No requirement One (1) Per 50 Sq. Ft. of Water and Deck Space
  
  
Business, Professional and Personal Services  
Banks and Financial Institutions No requirement One (1) Per 150 GFA
Bed and Breakfast Homes One space per room One (1) Per Guest Room Plus Two (2) for Owner/Manager
Car Washes No requirement One (1) Vehicle Space Per 400 GFA Including all Service Areas, Plus One (1) Per Employee
Construction Services  One (1) Per Four (4) Employees  No requirement
Delivery Services One (1) for Every Two Employees on Shift of Greatest Employment  One (1) Per Employee on Shift of Greatest Employment Plus One (1) Per Vehicle Used in Operation
Dry Cleaning and Laundry Services One (1) per 300 GFA No requirement
Funeral Homes One (1) Per Eight (8) Seats One (1) Per Two (2) Seats
Hair, Skin and Nail Services One (1) Space Per Operator Station  Three (3) Spaces Per Operator Station Plus One (1) Per Employee on Shift of Greatest Employment
Hotels and Motels, Inns One (1) Per Room  One (1) Per Room Plus One (1) Per 400 Sq. Ft. of Public Meeting and Restaurant Space
Kennels or Pet Grooming No requirement One (1) Per 200 GFA Plus One (1) Per Employee on Shift of Greatest Employment
Medical and Dental Offices One (1) Per Examination Room  No requirement
Medical Laboratories No requirement No requirement
Motion Picture Production No requirement No requirement
Offices, Not Listed Elsewhere  One (1) Per 600 GFA One (1) Per 200 GFA
Automobile Repair Two per service bay Four (4) Per Service Bay Plus One (1) Per Service Vehicle Plus One (1) Per Employee on Shift of Greatest Employment
Services and Repairs, Not Listed Elsewhere One (1) Per 600 GFA One (1) Per 200 GFA
Theaters, Drive-In No Requirement No Requirement
Theaters, Indoor  One (1) Per Eight (8) Seats One (1) Per Two (2) Seats

Truck Washes 
No requirement 
Two (2) Stacking Spaces Per Stall
Veterinary Services No requirement No requirement
  
  
Retail Trade and Food Services  
Drive Thru Services Associated with Food Service Operations Stacking for Two (2) Vehicles for Each Bay, Window or Lane No requirement
Fuel Oil Sales No requirement No requirement
Motor Vehicle, Motorcycle, Recreational Vehicle and Similar Sales and Rentals One (1) per 600 GFA One Per 200 GFA
Restaurants One (1) Per Eight (8) seats One (1) Per Two (2) Seats Plus One (1) Per Employee on Shift of Greatest Employment
Retail Sales, Except Those Listed Below One (1) Per 600 GFA One (1) Per 200 GFA
Retail Sales of Bulk Items Which Require Large Amounts of Floor Space for the Number of Items Offered for Sale (i.e., Appliances, Furniture, etc.) One (1) Per 800 GFA One (1) Per 300 GFA
Service Stations, Gasoline No requirement Four (4) Per Service Bay Plus One (1) Per Service Vehicle Plus One (1) Per Employee on Shift of Greatest Employment
Shopping Centers - Mixed Use One (1) Per 800 GFA One (1) Per 150 GFA
  
  
Wholesale Trade  
Market Showrooms One (1) Per 2000 GFA One (1) Per 1000 GFA
Wholesale Uses No requirement One Per 200 GFA
  

  
Transportation, Information, Warehousing, Waste Management and Utilities  
Broadcasting Facilities No requirement No requirement
Transmitting Towers, Utility Lines, Etc. No Requirement No Requirement
Transportation Terminals No requirement No Requirement
Utility Offices No requirement No requirement
Warehouses No requirement One per 200 GFA
Warehouses, Self-Storage No requirement Ten (10) Spaces
  
Manufacturing and Industrial Uses  
Manufacturing/Industrial Uses No requirement One per 200 GFA
  

 (3) Design Of Parking Areas.
  
(a) Paving and Maintenance. 
•  Off-street parking areas developed to meet the minimum requirements of this section and all off-street parking facilities in the Central Business District, shall be properly graded, marked and located on improved lots or within parking structures. 
•  The material for surface parking spaces and corresponding access drives required by this section, except for single-family detached and duplex residences, shall consist of suitable material as set forth below.
•  Suitable paving material for required parking areas includes, but is not limited to asphalt, porous asphalt, concrete, compacted stone (road bond), and gravel.  All handicapped spaces and corresponding access paths shall consist of concrete or asphalt. 
•  When gravel is used it must be maintained on site with a concrete apron at the traveled way. 
•  Porous paving blocks and pervious paving materials are permitted and encouraged as material for parking lots.  The use of grass as a parking lot surface is permitted for overflow parking.
•  The individual parking spaces in a lot shall be delineated in all parking lots except those utilizing road bond, gravel, grass or other vegetative surfacing.

(b) Maneuvering Space/Aisle Width.
•  All off-street parking areas, with the exception of parking areas for single-family and two-family residences, shall be designed so that vehicles will not be required to back onto or maneuver in the public right-of-way.
•  All parking areas shall be designed so that there is sufficient area for access to all parking spaces and safe maneuvering within the parking area. 
•  The minimum aisle width for ninety (90) degree parking shall be twenty (20) feet.

(c) Size of Spaces.
•  The minimum size of one parking space shall be nine (9) feet in width and eighteen (18) feet in depth. 
•  All mid-block parallel parking spaces shall be seven (7) feet in width by twenty- two (22) to twenty-six (26) feet in length.
•  End of block spaces may be 7 feet by 20 feet.

(d) Handicapped Spaces.
•  All uses shall comply with North Carolina laws concerning the provision of off-street parking and access for the handicapped. 

(4) Location.
•  Required off-street parking area(s) shall be provided on the same parcel as the principal structure or use, unless otherwise set forth in this chapter or unless shared or remote parking is provided as set forth below.

(a) Remote Parking.
•  If the off-street parking spaces required by this section cannot be reasonably provided on the same lot on which the principal use is located, such space may be provided on any land within six hundred (600) feet.  Such measurement shall be taken from the edge of the parking area on the lot to the entryway of the remote parking area. 
•  If remote parking is utilized to fulfill parking requirements, the owner or authorized agent for the land upon which such remote parking is located shall restrict the use of such parking area for parking only in connection with the use or structure for which such remote parking is provided.  Such restriction shall be recorded by a declaration of restrictions properly filed with the Register of Deeds of Haywood County, which may be released only by written consent of the town. 
•  Remote parking for a particular use shall not be established in any district that does not allow that use.

(b) Shared Parking.
•  Shared parking is encouraged where feasible.  The planning department may approve the joint use of the required parking spaces for two (2) or more uses located on the same parcel or adjacent parcels, provided that the developer can demonstrate that the uses will not overlap in hours of operation or in demand for the shared spaces.
•  Any sharing of required spaces by uses located on different parcels shall be guaranteed by a written agreement between the owner of the parking area and the owner of any use located on a different parcel and served by the parking area. 
•  Should the uses change such that the new uses overlap in hours of operation or in demand for the shared spaces, the shared parking approval shall become void.  Parking meeting the requirements of this chapter shall then be provided for each use.   

(C) Off-Street Loading Requirements. 
•  There are no general loading requirements.
•  Standards for various land development districts are found in the Article V of this chapter. 

154.307 PEDESTRIAN AMENITIES.

(A) General Requirements.
•  Sidewalk, pedestrian pathways and other required or proposed pedestrian amenities shall be reflected in all site and subdivision plans. 

(B) Sidewalks.

(1) General Standards/Location.
•  Stipulations as to when sidewalks are required are set forth in each land development district.
•  Unless an alternate walkway (see below) is approved, conventional sidewalks shall be located on all new streets.  Street designs are located in 154.309.

(2) Design Standards.
•  Sidewalks shall generally be a minimum of five (5) feet in width.  Sidewalks located along main streets and avenues shall be a minimum of eight (8) feet in width.  Sidewalks located along boulevards and avenues shall be a minimum of eleven (11) feet in width. 
•  Where existing sidewalk abuts an area where new sidewalk is to be developed, the new sidewalk shall be the same width as the existing sidewalk or meet the standards listed above, whichever standard width is greater. 
•  Within commercial areas and places with high pedestrian volumes, sidewalks should be designed to meet the anticipated pedestrian/traffic volume. 
•  Sidewalks shall be constructed of concrete or other approved materials (such as pavers) and built to the specifications of the Public Works Department.
•  Where a sidewalk abuts a curb, the minimum width is 6 feet.

(3) Alternative Compliance.
•  Alternative provisions for pedestrian movement meeting the intent of this section may be used where unreasonable or impractical situations would result from application of these requirements.  Such situations may result from significant street trees, impending road widening, topography, utility easements, lot configuration or other unusual site conditions.
•  In districts where trails are permitted, they are subject to the design standards in 154.309.  Trails are generally allowed in very low density development, and are only required on one side of the road.
•  Planning Department staff, in consultation with the Public Works Department may approve an alternate plan that proposes different pedestrian amenities provided that the intent of this section is fulfilled. 
•  Decisions of the staff regarding alternate methods of compliance may be appealed to the Board of Adjustment.

(4) Easements in Lieu of Sidewalks. 
•  In land development districts where an easement is required in lieu of providing a sidewalk said easement shall be provided to the Town of Waynesville and recorded with the Register of Deeds of Haywood County prior to the issuance of a certificate of occupancy on the development.
•  Required easements shall be a minimum of eleven (11) feet in width with the location approved by the Public Works Department.

(C) Pedestrian Connections to Greenways and Parks and Between Developed Properties.

(1) General Standards.
•  In many land development districts there exists a requirement that accessways shall be provided from major residential developments, to greenway, park and open space areas.
•  Such access is required to be provided to public greenways and parks (those depicted on adopted Town park and greenway plans) as well as to greenways, parks and open spaces created within the development itself. 

(2) Access Standards..
•  Where a cul-de-sac street is permitted within a development, accessways to greenways, parks and open space areas must be provided where such streets back up to these areas. 
•  Where lots back up to greenways, parks and open space areas, accessways must be provided at a minimum of every six hundred (600) feet.
•  Where two (2) cul-de-sac streets end within three hundred (300) feet of each other, accessways shall be provided between the cul-de-sacs. 
•  Where no sidewalk is provided between two (2) abutting developments, and pedestrian access is required, a pedestrian walkway shall be provided.
•  Accessways must be a minimum of five (5) feet in width. 
•  Paving of accessways is encouraged, but not required. 

(D) Pedestrian Pathways in Parking Areas.
•  Parking lots shall be designed to separate pedestrian travel from vehicles and include protecting pedestrian walkways within parking areas that lead to business/office/store entrances. 
•  Perimeter sidewalks and interior parking lot pedestrian corridors may be utilized to provide the required pedestrian access. 
•  Pedestrian pathways must be a minimum five (5) feet in width.
•  Pedestrian pathways must be clearly delineated.  This may be accomplished with the use of paving materials that differ from that of vehicular areas, striping or other similar methods. 

different options for pedestrian access in parking areas
diagram courtesy of Fort Collins Colorado

154.308 SIGNS.

(A) Purpose and Scope. 

(1) Purpose.  The purpose of this section and the other sign standards contained in this chapter, is to support and complement the various land uses allowed in the Town of Waynesville by the adoption of standards concerning the placement of signs.  These standards are adopted under the zoning authority of the Town to achieve the following:
•  To encourage the effective use of signs as a means of communication in the Town while preserving the rights of free speech under the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.
•  To maintain and enhance the aesthetic environment and the Town's ability to attract sources of economic development and growth.
•  To improve pedestrian and traffic safety.
•  To minimize the possible adverse effect of signs on nearby public and private property.

(2) Applicability.

(a) Permits Required.
•  Except as provided by this section, it shall be unlawful for any person to erect, construct, enlarge, move or replace any sign without first obtaining a sign permit from the Planning and Zoning Department. 
•  Additional permits may be necessary pursuant to the regulations in the state building code or other sections of this chapter.

(b) Alteration of Sign Face.
•  Repainting of a sign, if in conformance with the applicable standards of this chapter, shall be considered maintenance or repair and shall not require a permit.
•  The changing of tenant name panels on multiple-tenant development signage shall not require a permit.

(B) General Standards.

(1) Measurement of Sign..

(a) Computation of Sign Face.
•  The area of a sign face shall be deemed to be the entire area within the smallest square or rectangle that will encompass the extreme limits of the writing, representation, emblem, or other display on the sign.
•  The area shall also include any material or color forming an integral part of the background of the display or used to differentiate the sign from the backdrop or structure against which it is placed.
•  Frames or structural members not bearing informational or representational matter shall not be included in computation of the area of a sign face.
•  Signs attached to walls or fences shall be treated as monument signs and allowed only where monument signs are permitted.  Only that portion of that wall or fence onto which the sign face or letters are placed shall be calculated in the sign area.

(b) Computation of Height.
•  The height of a sign shall be measured from the highest point of a sign or its support whichever is greater, to the base of the sign at the highest adjacent grade.

(2) Standards Applicable to All Permitted Signs.
•  Permitted signs shall be located outside of the street right-of-way, behind sidewalk areas and outside of the site triangle.
•  Attached signage may not extend above the vertical wall to which the sign is attached or extend out into the planting area or street side of the sidewalk.
•  Attached signs may not project more than three (3) feet from the fa?ade of the building on which the sign is located.
•  Pedestrian signs may not project more than four (4) feet from the fa?ade of the building on which the sign is located. 
•  The bottom of any attached or pedestrian sign, if extended from the fa?ade of a building shall be at least eight (8) feet above any pedestrian walkway. 
•  Outdoor advertising signs of the type constructed of translucent materials where the copy only is illuminated from within do not require shielding provided the light source or bulb is not showing. 
•  Where internally illuminated signs are permitted they must meet the following requirements:

a.  Such signs shall consist of light lettering or symbols on a dark background.
b.  The lettering or symbols shall constitute no more than forty (40) percent of the surface area of the sign.
c.  The luminous transmittance for the lettering or symbols shall not exceed thirty-five (35) percent.
d.  The luminous transmittance for the background portion of the sign shall not exceed fifteen (15) percent.
e.  Light sources shall be fluorescent tubes, spaced at least twelve (12) inches on center, mounted at least 3.5 inches from the translucent surface material.
f.  Channel letter type signs may use neon tubing as an internal illumination source, provided that the light source is shielded by translucent faces or that a silhouette type sign is used where the light source illuminates the sign background and the letters or symbols are opaque.  

 (3) Noncommercial Messages.
•  Any sign, display or device allowed under this chapter may contain, in lieu of any other copy, any otherwise lawful noncommercial message.

(C) Signs Exempt from Regulation.  Unless otherwise prohibited or regulated by this chapter, the following signs are exempt from regulation.

(1) Governmental Signs. 
•  Signs posted by various local, state and federal agencies in the performance of their duties such as regulatory signs, welcome signs and traffic signs.
•  Signs installed under governmental authority which note the donation of buildings, structures or streetscape materials (such as, but not limited to benches, park facilities, etc.).

(2) Flags, Etc.
•  Flags or insignia of any nation, organization of nations, state, county or municipality, any religious, civic or fraternal organization, or any educational or cultural facility and/or any one corporate flag per lot.

(3) Temporary Holiday Decorations.
•  Temporary decorations or displays, when such are clearly incidental to and are customarily and commonly associated with any national, local or religious holiday/celebration. 

(4) Window Displays.
•  Merchandise, pictures or models of products or services that are incorporated as an integral part of a window display.

(5) Building Marker Signs.
•  A sign cut or etched into masonry, bronze or similar material on a building.

(6) Legal and Warning Signs.
•  Signs erected to warn of danger or hazardous conditions such as signs erected by public utility companies or construction companies.
•  Signs required for or specifically authorized for a public purpose by any law, statute or ordinance.
•  Signs that display information pertinent to the safety or legal responsibilities of the general public with regard to a particular piece of property shall be located on the premises to which the information pertains.  No advertising may be affixed to such a sign.

(7) Occupant/Street Number Signs.
•  Signs affixed to structures, mailboxes, decorative light posts, driveway entrances, etc., which serve to identify the address of the structure or occupant.  All such signs must be placed in such a manner as to be visible from the street.

(8) Vending Machine/Automatic Teller and Gasoline Pump Signs.
•  Signs attached to and made an integral part of a vending machine, automatic teller machine or gasoline pump if advertising or giving information about the products or services dispensed or vended by that machine.

(D) Signs Exempt from Permit Requirements. 
•  The following signs are allowed in all land development districts but shall not require a sign permit.
•  Such signs must conform to the standards set forth below as well as to any other applicable requirements of this chapter.

(1) Directional Signs.
•  Directional signs must be located on the premises to which directions are indicated. 
•  Such signs may not exceed three (3) feet in height if freestanding.
•  Directional signs may not exceed four (4) square feet per face.
•  Such signs may contain no copy (i.e., company name or logo) other than directional information. 
•  Illumination of such signs shall be as permitted for on-premises signs in the land development district where the sign is located.
•  No more than two (2) signs per entrance or exit shall be permitted.

(2) Incidental Signs.
•  Signs containing information necessary or convenient for persons coming on a premises shall be located on the premises to which the information pertains.
•  No advertising may be affixed to such a sign.
•  Such signs must be single-faced only and wholly attached to a building (may be located on windows or doors).

 (3) Real Estate Signs.
•  Only one (1) sign is allowed per street frontage.
•  Such signs may not be illuminated.
•  Such signs may be no greater than four (4) square feet in area (all types of signs) and four (4) feet in height (if freestanding) when located on a residential property.
•  Such signs may be no greater than thirty-two (32) square feet in area (all types of signs) and eight (8) feet in height (if freestanding) for non-residential properties except that such signs may not exceed the maximum height and size for permanent signs within the district.
•  Real estate signs shall be removed within seven (7) days after the closing of the sale, rental or lease of the property.
•  Such signs shall only be located on property for sale or lease.

(4) Political Signs. 
•  Such signs shall not be illuminated.
•  Political signs may not be located within a public street right-of-way and shall not be attached to trees or utility poles or on publicly-owned property.
•  Such signs may not exceed six (6) square feet in area and four (4) feet in height if freestanding.
•  Political signs may be displayed during a period beginning sixty (60) days prior to an election and concluding fourteen (14) days after the election.  In the event of a runoff election, political signs for the candidates involved may remain on display may remain until fourteen (14) days after the runoff election.
•  Any person wishing to erect political signs must first make application to the Planning Department which application shall include a deposit that shall be returned to the applicant upon removal of all signs.

(5) Construction Signs.
•  Construction signs shall be allowed provided such signs do not exceed one (1) sign per street frontage with a maximum of two (2) signs per construction site. 
•  Such signs shall not exceed four (4) square feet in area and four (4) feet in height for single-family or duplex residential construction or thirty-two (32) square feet in area and eight (8) feet in height for other construction.
•  Construction signs shall not be erected prior to the issuance of a building permit and shall be removed within seven (7) days of the issuance of a certificate of occupancy on the last building in the development.

(6) Temporary Signs.

(a) Window Signs.
•  Temporary signs which are affixed to the inside of a window and which do not exceed a cumulative total for all such signs of sixteen (16) square feet in area are allowed per establishment.

      (b)  Special Event Signs.  Signs may be erected by public or non-profit organizations such as schools and churches for promoting special events as follows:
•  Signs for public events such as fund drives, fairs, festivals, sporting events, etc. may be displayed for a period of thirty (30) days and may be allowed on- or off-premises.  Such signs shall not be illuminated.  Such signs are limited to eighteen (18) square feet in size and six (6) feet in height.

(c) Yard Sale Signs.
•  Such signs may be located on-premises only and may not be located within a public right-of-way nor placed on a tree, street sign or utility pole.
•  Such signs may not be illuminated.
•  Yard sale signs are limited to four (4) square feet in area and four (4) feet in height.
•  One (1) yard sale sign is allowed per street frontage.
•  Such signs may be displayed only on weekends and shall not be erected before 5:00 P.M. on Friday and shall be removed by 7:00 A.M. on Monday.

            (7)        Area and Town Center Signs
                     ♦   Ground signs may be located at locations which represent the entrance
                               of the area/town center districts.
                         ♦    Only two (2) ground signs per area center district shall be erected.
                         ♦    The sign face shall be an oval shape with no more than two (2) faces
                           allowed per sign.
                         ♦    The sign face shall not be larger than 4.5 feet in width and 3 feet in
                               height.  Smaller sign faces shall have a proportion of 1.5 feet wide
                               to 1 foot high.
                         ♦    The overall height of the sign shall be no greater than 4 feet above
                               ground level.
                         ♦    Area center signs shall be supported with six (6) inch by six (6) inch
                               pressure treated posts which shall be painted black.   
                        
(E) Prohibited Signs.
•  The following signs are prohibited in the Town of Waynesville and its extraterritorial jurisdiction.

(1) Off-Premises Signs.
•  All off-premises signs unless specifically allowed elsewhere in this chapter are prohibited.

(2) Portable or Movable Signs.

(3) Roof Signs.
•  Roof signs are prohibited; provided however, that signs on the surfaces of a mansard roof or on parapets shall not hereby be prohibited provided that the signs do not extend above the mansard roof or parapet to which they are attached.

(4) Animated/ Flashing Signs or Signs of Illusion.
•  Signs displaying blinking, flashing or intermittent lights, animation, and moving parts or signs giving the illusion of movement are prohibited.

(5) Signs Resembling Traffic Signals.
•  Signs that approximate official highway signs, warning signs or regulatory devices are prohibited.

(6) Signs on Roadside Appurtenances.
•  Signs attached to or painted on utility poles, telephone poles, trees, parking meters, bridges and overpasses, rocks, other signs, benches and refuse containers, etc. are prohibited unless specifically allowed elsewhere in this chapter.

(7) Abandoned Signs or Sign Structures.
•  Signs that advertise an activity or business no longer conducted on the property on which the sign is located are prohibited.
•  Sign structures on which no sign is erected are prohibited.
•  Such signs or sign structures must be removed within thirty (30) days of becoming an abandoned sign or sign structure.

(8) Pennants, Streamers, Balloons, Etc.
•  Signs containing or consisting of pennants, ribbons, streamers, balloons, or spinners are prohibited.

(9) Signs Obstructing Access.
•  Signs which obstruct free ingress or egress from a driveway or a required door, window, fire escape or other required exitway.

(F) On-Premises Signs.

(1) Signs Permitted in Land Development Districts.
•  On-premises signs permitted in the various districts for businesses and establishments are found in the standards for the respective districts in Article V of this chapter.

(2) Additional Permitted Signage for Churches and Schools.
•  Churches and schools are allowed one (1) additional freestanding sign which may contain changeable copy.
•  Such signs may not be internally illuminated.
•  Such signs may not exceed sixteen (16) square feet in area and six (6)  feet in height.

(3) Signage for Subdivision and Multi-Family Developments.
•  Signage for multi-family developments and subdivisions, including manufactured home parks and subdivisions and continued care retirement communities is permitted in any district in which such developments are permitted.
•  Such signage may contain the name of the development only.
•  Signs for such residential developments must be either freestanding monument signs or attached wall signs.
•  Only two (2) entrances to the development may have a sign.  Only two (2) signs faces are allowed per entrance, however, said sign faces may be on two (2) individual sign structures.
•  Signs may not exceed sixteen (16) square feet per face and six (6) square feet in height.

(G) Maintenance.  The following maintenance requirements must be observed for all signs visible from any public street or highway within the jurisdiction of the Town of Waynesville.
•  No sign shall have more than twenty (20) percent of its surface area covered with disfigured, cracked, ripped or peeling paint or poster paper for a period of more than thirty (30) successive days.
•  No sign shall remain with a bent or broken display area, broken supports, loose appendages or struts or stand more than fifteen (15) degrees from the perpendicular for a period of more than thirty (30) successive days.
•  No indirect or internally illuminated sign shall have only partial illumination for a period of more than thirty (30) successive days.

(H) Nonconforming Signs.  All legal nonconforming signs in existence as of the effective date of this chapter may be continued and shall be maintained in good condition.  However, a nonconforming sign shall not be:
•  Changed to another type or shape of nonconforming sign; provided, however, the copy, content, or message of the sign may be changed so long as the shape or size of the sign is not altered.
•  Structurally altered so as to prolong the life of the sign.
•  Expanded.
•  Reestablished after discontinuance for sixty (60) days.
•  Reestablished after damage or destruction where the estimated expense of reconstruction exceeds fifty (50) percent of the appraised replacement cost of the sign in its entirety.

154.309 STREETS.

(A) Purpose and Scope. 

(1) Purpose/Permit Requirement.
•  The purpose of this section is to establish minimum street design standards within the Town of Waynesville.
•  Except as provided elsewhere in this chapter, it shall be unlawful for any person to begin new road/street construction without first obtaining a certificate of land development standards compliance from the Planning Department. 
•  Additional permits may be necessary pursuant to the regulations of the State of North Carolina.

(2) Scope.
•  All streets within the Town of Waynesville shall be designated either as ?public? or ?private.?
•  The standards contained in this section shall apply to all new streets within the Town of Waynesville and the extraterritorial jurisdiction.
 

(B) General Standards. 

(1) Rights-of-Way.
•  The right-of-way should be the minimum required to accommodate the street, median, planning strips, sidewalks, utilities and maintenance consideration.
•  Minimum right-of-way requirements are contained in Sec. 154.309(C) below. 

(2) System Layout.
•  Except where determined not feasible by the Director of Public Works, all streets shall be designed to form part of an interconnected street pattern. 
•  Streets must connect with adjacent street networks to the extent possible.  Street designs will be assessed, in terms of meeting this interconnectivity standard, on their ability to: permit multiple routes between origin/destination points; diffuse traffic; and, shorten walking distances. 
•  Low speed, low volume streets shall be designed with short block lengths of between two hundred and fifty (250) and five hundred (500) feet.  The Director of Public Works may approve alternative block length designs based on topography, the existence of environmentally sensitive lands, the need to preserve cultural resources and similar considerations.
         
  a.    b.    c.

a. A common subdivision showing a poor street layout due to few connections and many dead ends.
b./c.  Better street layouts showing the required links and gridded network of   streets.
Diagrams courtesy of Fort Collins Colorado

(3) Driveway Access.
•  Driveway access may only be provide in accordance with the standards set forth in Section 154.302 of this chapter.

(4) Pedestrian Street Crossing Areas.
•  Street should be designed so that pedestrian crossing locations are as short as possible with the needs of the pedestrian balance with the needs of vehicular traffic.
•  Mid-block crossings, bulb-outs, raised crosswalks and similar crossing techniques should be commonly used to accommodate pedestrians when appropriate for traffic conditions and site specific situations. 

(5) On-Street Parking.
•  The provision of on-street parking in the design of streets is encouraged for most streets. 
•  On-street parking is not only a convenience in most situations, but on-street parking also is important as a traffic calming element -- slowing vehicular traffic while providing a buffer between street and sidewalk.
•  Where formal on-street parking is required it should be signed and marked and otherwise clearly designated. 
•  The minimum width of formal on-street parking aisles shall be eight (8) feet.

(6) Provisions for Bicyclists. 
•  Where bicycle lanes or paths are required in Sec. 154.309(C) below, routing, when along a vehicular traveled way shall be clearly designated by signage, striping or other similar mechanisms.

(7) Considerations for Public Transit. 
•  Public transit shall be considered in the review and design of all development proposals when it is present within the area of a development. Transit stops, turnarounds, shelters, signage, etc. are all to be considered.
•  For developments in areas where public transit does not yet exist, consideration should still be given in the review and design of a development for future transit needs. 

(C) Street Function and Classification.
•  Within the Town of Waynesville, streets will be classified based upon their function and the purpose they are to serve.  There are seven (7) street classifications.
•  Design requirements for the different street classifications are specified below and in the tables which follow.
 
(1) Trails.
•  Trail widths are 6 -14 feet.
•  The Right of way is 18-140 feet.
•  Trails should form a link that connects all homes, parks, schools, and recreation areas.
•  Shade trees are recommended.
 
 

Alleys

(2) Alleys. 
•  Alleys are intended to provide indirect, limited access to the rear of properties but not to accommodate through traffic.
•  Alleys require a minimum right-of-way width of twenty (20) feet.
•  Utilities, either above ground or underground, may be located in alleyways to provide service connections to rear elevations. 
•  Alleys shall have a traveled way width of ten (10) to twelve (12) feet with additional width at intersections, as needed, to facilitate turns. 
•  Unless otherwise approved by the Director of Public Works, alleys shall be less than four hundred (400) feet in length. 
•  All buildings shall setback a minimum of seven (7) feet from the alley right-of-way.  Garage doors may not swing outward into this setback area. 
•  It is recommended that a consistent building line be created along an alley.
 
 

Lane

(3) Lanes.
•  Lanes are small traveled ways with design speeds of fifteen (15) to twenty (20) miles per hour or less, intended to provide direct access to the front of a limited number of single-family structures. 
•  Lanes are limited in the number of lots served.  Generally, they are very short; often less than four hundred (400) feet.  A lane shall be no greater than eight hundred (800) feet in length unless authorized by the Planning Department Staff and the Public Works Department Staff.  Items including, but not limited to, traffic carrying capacity, topography and connectivity, shall be a consideration when permitting a lane in lieu of a street. 
•  Lanes require a minimum right-of-way width of forty (40) feet.  A five  (5) foot minimum planting strip is required along each side of the lane. 
•  Lanes shall have a traveled way width of a minimum of sixteen (16) to eighteen (18) feet with informal parking.
•  Sidewalks are required at all times on at least one side, on larger lanes they are required for both sides.
 

Streets

(4) Streets. 
•  Streets are traveled ways with design speeds of twenty (20) miles per hour.
•  Streets are limited in the number of lots served.  Generally, they are two (2) to six (6) blocks in length.  
•  Streets require a minimum right-of-way width of fifty (50) feet.  A five (5) foot minimum planting strip is required along each side of the street.
•  Streets shall have a traveled way width of twenty (20) to twenty-six (26) feet in width with informal parking.
•  Drainage systems may be either open or closed.  Right-of-way width will vary depending on drainage systems. 
•  Sidewalks are required on both sides.

Main Streets

(5) Main Streets. 
•  Main streets are traveled ways with design speeds of twenty (20) to twenty-five (25) miles per hour, intended to provide access to neighborhoods and high density residential and commercial areas. 
•  Main streets include bulb-outs at intersections and mid-block crossings. 
•  Bike lanes are optional, but encouraged, on main streets.  If added an additional four (4) to six (6) feet of right-of-way and pavement are preferred. 
•  Main streets require a minimum right-of-way width of forty-five (45) feet. A five (5) foot minimum planting strip is required along each side of the street. 
•  Main streets shall have a traveled way width of eleven (11) feet per lane. 
•  Drainage systems may be either open or closed.  Right-of-way width will vary depending on drainage systems.  Curb and gutter are strongly recommended along main streets.
•  For on street parking, formal parking lanes are required (7 feet wide).  Bulb-outs are required at mid-block and at the intersections.  
•  Sidewalks are required on both sides.
 

Boulevards and Avenues

(6) Avenues. 
•  Avenues are traveled ways with design speeds of twenty-five (25) to thirty (30) miles per hour, that serve as connectors between neighborhoods and area centers.  As such , they are used both in residential and commercial areas, often terminating at prominent buildings or plazas.  Avenues may also circulate around squares or neighborhood parks.
•  A four (4) to six (6) foot bicycle path is required along both sides of the avenue where trails do not parallel the avenue.
•  A twelve (12) to eighteen (18) foot planted center median is required when more than two (2) travel lanes are present. 
•  Travel lanes shall be eleven (11) feet in width. 
•  Drainage systems may be either open or closed.  Right-of-way width will vary depending on drainage systems. 
•  For on street parking, formal parking lanes are required (7 feet wide).  Bulb-outs are required at mid-block and at the intersections.  
•  Sidewalks are required on both sides, although in some more rural areas trails may be substituted for sidewalks.

(7) Boulevards.
•  Boulevards are traveled ways with design speeds of thirty (30) to thirty-five (35) miles per hour, that provide multi-lane access to commercial and mixed-use developments.  Boulevards also serve to carry regional traffic throughout the town.
•  A six (6) foot minimum bicycle path is required along both sides of the boulevard.  
•  The Right of way width will vary with the design selected.  A twelve (12) foot (minimum)  planted center median is required. 
•  Travel lanes shall have a width of eleven (11) to twelve (12) feet. 
•  Drainage systems may be either open or closed.  Right-of-way width will vary depending on drainage systems. 
•  For on street parking, formal parking lanes are required (7 feet wide).  Bulb-outs are required at mid-block and at the intersections.  
•  Sidewalks are required on both sides.

(8) Highways.
•  Highways are traveled ways with design speeds of forty (40) miles per hour or greater, that are intended to bring people into town or to pass traffic through natural areas. 
•  Multi lane highways are not designed for development, but rather to move vehicular traffic.  As highways enter the town where development is, their design and intent change to that of a boulevard. 
•  A twenty (20) foot minimum planted center median is required. 
•  No parking is allowed on highways. 
•  Travel lanes shall have a width of eleven (11) to twelve (12) feet. 
•  Drainage systems may be either open or closed.  Right-of-way width will vary depending on drainage systems. 
•  Where a highway design speed is greater than fifty (50) miles per hour, a minimum paved shoulder of six (6) feet shall be provided.
•  Trails are required to generally parallel highways, but should be separated with a sufficient distance as to protect the pedestrian or cyclist.

(D) Design Standards.

(1) Relationship to North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) Standards. 
•  The design standards set forth in this section are applicable to streets within the corporate limits of the Town of Waynesville. These standards also apply to private road construction within the extraterritorial jurisdiction of the Town of Waynesville. 
•  Where it is desired that a street outside of the corporate limits of the town be accepted into the state roadway system, streets, utilities, landscaping, etc. should be designed to meet standard contained in the NCDOT manual, "Subdivision Roads Minimum Construction Standards."

(2) Design Width and Related Requirements. 
•  Design requirements for each classification of street is set forth in Sec. 154.309(C) above and in the tables below.
•  Dimensions provided in the graphic examples shown in the figures above are from curb face to curb face for closed drainage streets, and from edge of pavement to edge of pavement for streets using a natural drainage system. 

TABLE VII-2
Street Design Standards
Curb and Gutter

STREET TYPE DESIGN SPEED RIGHT-OF-WAY MEDIAN WIDTH PAVEMENT WIDTH ON-STREET PARKING PLANTING STRIP WIDTH NUMBER OF UNITS TO SERVE
Lane 20 40 N/A 16-18 Feet Informal 5 Feet <5
Street 20 50 N/A 20-28 Feet Informal, Each Side 5 Feet 5-24
Main Street 20 60 N/A 36-38 Feet 7 Feet Each Side 6 Feet .25
Avenue 30 82 12-18 Feet **24 Feet ***7 Feet One Side + 6 Foot Bike Lane 6 Feet N/A
Boulevard 35 104* 12-20 Feet **37 Feet ***7 Feet One Side + 6 Foot Bike Lane 6-12 Feet N/A
Highway >40 128 20-30 Feet ***28 Feet N/A 18-20 Feet N/A
*Minimum of thirty-five (35) feet on both sides of median.
**Pavement width required for both traveled ways on each side of center median.
***7 foot formal parking on one side of each traveled way.

 
TABLE VII-3
Street Design Standards
Open/Natural Drainage

STREET TYPE DESIGN SPEED RIGHT-OF-WAY MEDIAN WIDTH PAVEMENT WIDTH ON-STREET PARKING PLANTING STRIP WIDTH NUMBER OF UNITS TO SERVE
Alley N/A 20-24 N/A *10-12 Feet N/A N/A N/A
Lane 20 50 N/A 18 Feet Informal 11 Feet <5
Street 20 60 N/A 20-28 Feet Informal, Each Side 11 Feet 5-24
Main Street 25 72 N/A 38 Feet 7 Feet Each Side 13 Feet .25
Avenue 30 98 15-18 Feet **26 Feet ***7 Feet One Side 11 Feet N/A
Boulevard 35 128 10-20 Feet **37 Feet ***7 Feet One Side 11 Feet N/A
Highway >40 143 25-30 Feet ***28 Feet N/A 20 Feet N/A
*10-12foot minimum traveled way width.  Pavement not required for alleys.
**Pavement width required for both traveled ways on each side of center median.
***7 foot formal parking on one side of each traveled way.

(3) Stopping Sight Distances. 
•  Minimum stopping distances should conform to the design speed for the particular street and the stopping distances required for wet pavement conditions provided in the table below.

TABLE VII-4
Minimum Stopping Sight Distances

DESIGN SPEED STOPPING DISTANCE
20 MPH 125 Feet
25 MPH 150 Feet
30 MPH 200 Feet

•  The required sight distances set forth in this section should be provided by both vertical and horizontal alignment.  Where grades vary from level conditions, stopping sight distances must be increased for downhill grades, but may be decreased for uphill grades. 

(4) Intersection Sight Triangles. 
•  The minimum sight triangle for stop conditions at a street intersection shall be seventy (70) feet along avenues, boulevards and highways and ten (10) feet for alleys, lanes, street and main street rights-of-way. 
•  The intersection sight triangle shall be permanent right-of-way.

(5) Grades.
•  K values for vertical curve design should be consistent with design speed. 
•  Maximum grade for alleys, lanes and streets is fifteen (15%) percent, except that sections less than one hundred (100) feet in length may not exceed eighteen (18%) percent.  Within one hundred (100) feet of an intersection, grades may not exceed eight (8%) percent. 
•  All other street types are limited to a maximum of twelve (12%) percent grades.  Within one hundred (100) feet of an intersection, grades may not exceed five (5%) percent. 
•  No grades less than 0.5% should be used.  

(6) Centerline Radius.
•  The minimum centerline radius is sixty-five (65) feet for all street types except alleys whose minimum centerline radius shall be fifty (50) feet.
•  Speeds should be controlled by geometrics for neighborhood streets.

TABLE VII-5
    Maximum Centerline Radii

 
 DESIGN SPEED (STREET TYPE) DESIGN CENTERLINE RADIUS (MAXIMUM)
20 MPH (Lane) 90 Feet
20 MPH (Street) 90-120 Feet
Greater Than 25 MPH Refer to AASHTO Standards

(7) Curb Radii and Construction. 
•  Curb radius, except as indicated below, shall be fifteen (15) feet. 
•  Where deemed necessary for safety by the Director of Public Works, some intersections on avenues, main streets and boulevards may require a curb radius of up to twenty-five (25) feet.  With these larger curb radii, sidewalks may be set back six (6) to ten (10) feet from curbs and on-street parking may be restricted thirty (30) feet back from the intersection on each street.
•  All curbed streets shall be built in accordance with the Town of Waynesville's vertical curb and gutter construction requirements. 
•  Unless otherwise approved by the Director of Public Works or as stipulated below, gutters must be a minimum of eighteen (18) inches in width. 
•  Gutters for lanes and street medians are anticipated to be a minimum of one (1) foot. 
•  Wheel chair ramps shall be provided at all curb and gutter intersections and at other major points of pedestrian flow. 

(8) Pavement Standards. 
•  All street types, except alleys, shall be paved to meet the current specifications of the Director of the Town of Waynesville. 
•  Minimum design is eight (8) inches stone base and two (2) inches pavement surface.
•  Pavement is not required for alleys.  However, when alleys are proposed and to be paved, the pavement shall meet the specifications of the Public Works Department of the Town of Waynesville. 
•  Where alleys are to be unpaved, a minimum paved apron of fifty (50) feet from edge of pavement shall be required at the time in of paved street which the alley intersects. 

(9) Utilities.
•  All utility installations within rights-of-way shall be consistent with the Town of Waynesville's utility design standards and Section Sec. 154.311 of this chapter. 
•  Where there are curbed sections, poles and other above ground utilities shall be located behind sidewalks or as far back as practical from the edge of the traveled way with six (6) feet as a design safety guide. 
•  Where the section is not curbed (drainage stands, etc.), pole lines shall be located inside the right-of-way under an encroachment agreement.  These lines shall be located as close as is practicable to the right-of-way line. 
•  Lighting shall be provided along new traveled ways in conformance with the standards set forth in Sec. 154.304 of this chapter. 

(10) Drainage Systems in Streets.
•  The Director of Public Works shall review all drainage prior to acceptance of any facility to the town system.  Drainage in easement areas are not considered a portion of the street facility.  Permanent drainage easements may be established, however , the town does not accept maintenance responsibility for easement outside of the street right-of-way.
•  All storm drainage shall be adequate so that the street may be maintained at minimal cost and not cause flooding at the design frequency.
•  The minimum design frequency is ten (10) years.   However, the design frequency for cross drainage on thoroughfare routes (major and minor) shall be fifty (50) years.
•  Minimum cross pipe diameter shall be eighteen (18) inches.  The minimum driveway culvert size shall be fifteen (15) inches.
•  Subsurface drainage shall be provided, if necessary, to maintain a stable subgrade.
•  Retention/detention basins shall be located outside of the right-of-way.
•  Bridges to be built by private interests for future acceptance shall be designed for a minimum live load of HS-20 and designed for hydraulic requirements in accordance with flood hazard areas.  Materials of construction shall be pre-stressed concrete, reinforced concrete to the maximum extent feasible. 
•  Open drainage shall include rock dams every thirty (30) feet in the ditchline on slopes.  The ditchline should be planted to help clean drain flows.

(11) Islands or Short Medians at Subdivision Entrances.
•  The Director of Public Works will review all requests for islands or short medians at subdivision entrances.
•  Maintenance shall be by the developer or property owner?s association.
•  The island or median section will be removed if not properly maintained. 

(12) Other Design Standards.
•  Alleys, lanes and streets should be designed to discourage excessive speed by roadway geometrics including curve centerlines.
•  Alleys, lanes and streets should be constructed to closely adhere to topography and to be attractive and economical.
•  Use of two tee intersections with proper offset is preferable to using one cross-type.
 Offset should be to the left at major streets. 
 At least one hundred and twenty (120) feet offset between centerlines is desirable. 
 Vista terminations are important parts of street design. Tee intersections create strong terminating vistas. 

 
154.310 TEMPORARY USES.

(A) General Standards/Permit Requirement. 
•  All permitted temporary uses listed in this section require a temporary use permit.  Temporary use permits shall be reviewed and issued by the Planning Department.
•  A temporary use permit may only be issued when all applicable criteria set forth in this section have been met. 
•  Temporary use permits shall be issued for no more than one hundred and sixty (60) days within a calendar year on any individual lot.
•  The property on which a temporary use is proposed must contain sufficient space to support the temporary use.
•  No temporary use shall be located closer  than two hundred (200) feet to a dwelling unit. 
•  Parking must be adequate to support the proposed temporary use.
•  Restroom facilities, if needed, must be provided. 
•  Plans for security and safety must be provided.
•  All inspections and permits required by the building code or fire marshal must be received.

(B) Temporary Uses Allowed in All Land Development Districts.
•  Civic and cultural events are allowed in all land development districts.
•  Such events shall be allowed for no more than thirty (30) days. 

(C) Temporary Uses Allowed in All Nonresidential Land Development Districts. 
•  Temporary uses allowed in all land development districts except for the residential districts include: circuses, carnivals, fairs, religious services and similar types of events; the sale of agricultural products including Christmas trees; and tent sales. 
•  Such events shall be allowed for no more than sixty (60) days.

(D) Temporary Uses with Specific Requirements. 

(1) Contractor's Office and Equipment/Storage Sheds.
•  A contractor's office and/or equipment/storage sheds may be placed temporarily on the site of construction of a development for which a certificate of land development standards compliance has been issued. 
•  Such a structure shall be allowed in all land development districts. 
•  Placement of such a temporary use is limited to a period of time determined by an estimated project completion date with the option of an extension of up to one year as and if approved by the Planning Department.
•  All temporary construction buildings and trailers shall be completely removed from the site within thirty (30) days of issuance of a certificate of occupancy or completion of the project, whichever comes first.

(2) Real Estate Office in a Construction Trailer or Temporary Modular Unit. 
•  One (1) temporary structure, such as a construction trailer or temporary modular unit may be used as a real estate sales office in any new construction project.
•  Such a temporary structure shall be used for the sale of units within that project only. 
•  Such a structure shall be allowed in all land development districts. 
•  Temporary real estate offices in construction trailers or temporary modular units may remain on the site for no more than twelve (12) months or until one half (1/2) of the units for the project are completed, whichever occurs first.

(3) Real Estate Offices in a Model Home. 
•  A model dwelling may be used as a real estate sales office in a new residential development subject to the following standards.
•  Such a model home/sales office may be used for the sale of units within that project only.
•  Such a temporary use shall be allowed in all land development districts.
•  Temporary real estate offices in model homes may be permitted for a period not to exceed one (1) year with the option of a one (1) time renewal for a period of one (1) additional year if unit sales are continuing.
•  The number of employees utilizing the office at any one time may not exceed four (4).

154.311 UTILITIES.

(A) Purpose and Scope. 
•  The purpose of this section is to establish minimum utility design standards within the Town of Waynesville, its extraterritorial planning jurisdiction and other areas to which the Town of Waynesville provides public utilities. 
•  Except as provided elsewhere in this chapter, it shall be unlawful for any person to begin the installation of any utilities without first obtaining a certificate of land development standards compliance from the Planning Department. 
•  Where stipulated in the applicable land development district, all major developments must place all utilities underground in accordance with the standards set forth in this section. 
•  Additional permits may be necessary pursuant to the regulations of the State of North Carolina. 

(B) General Standards.
•  Construction plans for utilities must be submitted meeting all of the standards required on the applicable development application. 
•  Where utilities are provided within the rights-of-way of lanes, streets, main streets and avenues, underground utilities may cross under or run longitudinally under the pavement, provided future utility stub-outs are installed prior to paving.  For boulevards and highways, underground utilities may cross under but may not run longitudinally under the pavement, except in cases of unusual circumstances as approved by the Director of Public Works.
•  Where utilities are installed outside of the rights-of-way, utilities, either above ground or underground, may be located in alleyways.  If utilities are not to be placed in the alleyways or streets rights-of-way, developers are required to provide an additional five (5) feet minimum utility easement behind the sidewalk.
•  Pipeline materials shall be approved by the Director of Public works.
•  All non ferrous pipeline shall be installed with a locator wire.
•  All structures shall be water rated.

(C) Water Systems. 
•  All development applications must be accompanied by satisfactory evidence as to the proposed method and system of water supply.
•  In no case shall water lines be extended beyond the Urban Services Boundary line established in the Town of Waynesville Land Development Plan. 
•  The installation of all water systems (except for individual wells) shall be required prior to final plat approval or the issuance of a certificate of occupanc